Ali Krisht教授是位备受尊敬的神经外科学教授,服务于美国小石城CHI St.Vincent North医院。作为阿肯色神经外科研究院(ANI)的院长和首席神经外科医生,他在脑血管病、垂体瘤和颅底肿瘤领域发表了系列经典论著。
Ali Krisht教授在海绵窦、脑动脉瘤和胶质瘤手术治疗方面作出的开创性贡献,为他赢得了多个奖项,其中包括2019年的Herbert Olivecrona奖(被誉为神经外科的诺贝尔奖)。Castle Connolly和“当代神经外科”均将他评为美国顶尖1%的神经外科专家。毫无疑问,他是先进显微神经外科领域的杰出领袖之一。
脑医汇-神外资讯有幸获得了对Ali Krisht教授经典著作进行中文翻译和传播的独家授权,将陆续通过连载发布,方便大家分享学习。
特别感谢ANI显微神经外科解剖室联合主任蔡理医生对Krisht教授经典著作的整理,同时感谢复旦大学附属华山医院宋剑平主任医师在内容整理及组织编译、审校工作上的辛勤付出。
以下是第三期内容:《经海绵窦入路治疗岩斜区病变》。感谢上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院神经外科唐寅达医生的编译校对。
目的:岩斜区上三分之一区域位置深在,位于前方的岩骨斜坡表面和后方的脑干表面之间。虽然有多种方法可以帮助外科医生到达该区域,但很少有方法能像经海绵窦入路一样,让医生到达该区域的各个角落,提供宽阔的视野。
方法:采用经海绵窦入路方法治疗91例涉及岩斜区的病例(50例复杂的基底动脉[BA]动脉瘤、30例岩斜交界脑膜瘤、5例三叉神经鞘瘤、3例斜坡脊索瘤和3例桥脑病变)。手术采用颞前入路暴露海绵窦侧壁,切除前床突,必要时还会切除后床突。该方法可通向基底动脉上部区域,通过切除后床突、岩斜骨质和硬脑膜,可将其范围向下扩大以暴露前部,外侧延伸部分可暴露出Meckel腔区域,且可通过切除岩尖将其拓宽。
结果:70名患者出现了新发的一过性轻度颅神经功能障碍,其中67人完全康复。3名BA动脉瘤患者出现了与手术有关的缺血性病变(1例丘脑内侧小梗死、小脑上动脉缺血导致的共济失调,以及1名心房颤动患者的大脑中动脉远端栓塞,该患者已停止抗凝治疗)。BA动脉瘤患者的所有颅神经并发症均为眼球运动性病变,且均痊愈。脑膜瘤患者中出现了三例新发的永久性颅神经功能障碍。七名术前患有神经病变的患者中,有两名患者的病情得到了部分改善。五名非典型脑膜瘤患者在术后接受了放射治疗。四名接受伽玛刀手术治疗的患者后来病情有所进展。无手术相关死亡病例。85名患者的随访数据超过1年,其中94%的患者生活自理(Glasgow结果量表评分为4分和5分)。
结论:经海绵窦入路的安全性使外科医生能够对涉及岩斜区上三分之一的病变进行大范围暴露。每个处理颅底病变的神经外科医生都应该掌握这种方法。
关键词:岩斜区,经海绵窦入路,脑膜瘤,基底动脉瘤,神经鞘瘤,脊索瘤
临床材料和方法
手术过程
颞前开颅
海绵窦外侧壁的暴露
前床突磨除
暴露
结果
70名患者出现了新发一过性轻度颅神经功能障碍,其中67人完全康复。在BA动脉瘤中,最常见的一过性神经功能障碍涉及动眼神经,一般都能恢复。有11例动脉瘤涉及SCA。三名患者出现了与手术相关的缺血性病变。其中一名患者的丘脑内侧发生了小面积梗塞,导致短暂性短期记忆缺失,6个月后症状消失,患者恢复了全职工作。第二名患者为SCA分布区缺血导致的一过性共济失调。第三例患者出现了继发于心房颤动的大脑中动脉远端分布区栓塞相关性缺血,导致左上肢单瘫,因围手术期停止了抗凝治疗。
在脑膜瘤患者中,有七名患者出现了进行性颅神经病变,其中只有两名患者的病情有所好转。三名患者出现了新发永久性颅神经功能障碍。在脑膜瘤患者中,5名患者的肿瘤不典型,术后接受了放射治疗。其中有三名患者采用了GKS治疗,其余患者均接受了保守治疗。随访时间从1年到9年不等,平均随访时间为4.5年。有四名患者在手术后出现肿瘤进展的迹象,均接受了GKS治疗。所有三叉神经鞘瘤患者的术后和长期恢复情况都非常好。其中两名患者的V3分布区残留有轻微的感觉障碍,但并无明显不适。所有患者的角膜功能均得以保留,没有出现咀嚼肌功能障碍。他们的后续随访时间从1年到5年不等,没有肿瘤残留或复发的迹象。
有两名脊索瘤患者出现了进行性颅神经病变。其中一名患者来我院就诊时,已经存在完全的眼肌麻痹,术后第三颅神经功能完全恢复,但由于外展神经麻痹,仍有后遗症。另一名患者出现了第六颅神经麻痹,随访发现已完全康复。所有确诊脊索瘤的患者都在术后接受了质子束射线治疗。
脑干病变患者的随访时间从6个月到2年不等,没有一名患者病情恶化。其中一名患者出现了对侧偏瘫,但经过康复治疗后恢复到了基线状态。另外两名患者的临床病程稳定。
如前所述,除颅脑神经病变外,还有三例与手术相关的永久性发病与BA动脉瘤有关。没有与手术相关的死亡病例。85名患者的随访数据超过1年;94%的患者生活自理(Glasgow结果量表评分为4分和5分)。
讨论
结论
参考文献
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