![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/acc628f477a0e21a043545fd3f06d8e0.gif)
面颅骨
面颅骨15块,成对的有上领骨、腭骨、颧骨、鼻骨、泪骨及下鼻甲,不成对的有犁骨、下颌骨和舌骨。面颅骨围成眶腔、鼻腔和口腔。
不成对:犁骨、下颌骨 和舌骨
下颌骨
下颌骨(mandible)为面颅骨最大者,分一体两支:
①下颌体:为弓状板,有上、下两缘及内、外两面,下缘圆钝为下颌底;上缘构成牙槽弓,有容纳下牙根的牙槽,外面正中凸向前为额隆凸,前外侧面有颏孔(menial foramen);内面正中有两对小棘称额棘,其下外方有一 椭圆形浅窝称二腹肌窝
②下颌支(ramus of mandible):为下颌体向后上方延伸的方形骨板,末端有两个突起,前方的称冠突,后方的称髁突,两突之间的凹陷为下颌切迹髁突上端的膨大为下颌头(head of mandible),与下颌窝相关节。下颌头下方较细处是下额颈(neck of mandible)。下颌支后缘与下颌底相交处称下颌角(angle of mandible)。下颌支内面中央有下颌孔 (mandibular foramen),孔的前缘有伸向上后的骨突称下颌小舌。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/3efc269f80122f6a43cb219a8e2d2102.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/5f3d5a3f2591d72438e16ebd215008f0.gif)
舌骨
舌骨(hyoid bone)居下颌骨下后方,呈马蹄铁形。中间部称体,向后外延伸的长突为大角,向上的短突为小角。大角和体都可在体表扪到。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/71c6e3cd759430a327feeb536b7de1a1.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/8947a56e8052876def04e705b6825d95.gif)
犁骨
犁骨(vomer)为斜方形小骨片,组成鼻中隔后下份。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/766ef9ba8035503f832530cf7c52e08c.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
成对:上领骨、腭骨、颧骨、鼻骨、泪骨及下鼻甲
上颌骨
上颌骨(maxilla) 成对,构成颜面的中央部,几乎与全部面颅骨相接,可分为一体和四突:
①上颌体:内含上颌窦,分前面、颞下面、眶面及鼻面。前面上份有眶下孔( infraorbital foramen),孔下方凹陷称尖牙窝颞下面朝向后外,中部有几个小的牙槽孔。眶面构成眶的下壁,有矢状位的眶下沟,向前下连于眶下管鼻面构成鼻腔外侧壁,后份有大的上颌窦裂孔,通人上颌窦,前份有纵行的泪沟:
②额突(frontal process):突向上方,接额骨、鼻骨和泪骨。
③颧突(zygomatic process):伸向外侧,接颧骨。
④牙槽突(alveolar process):伸向下,其下缘有牙 槽,容纳上颌牙根。
⑤腭突(palatine process):向内水平伸出,于中线与对侧腭突结合,组成骨腭 的前份。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/c1ea17d78c48a705986cf7abe0bf11fb.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/1a0c0813f78d9a925cbf48db69e038c2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/1f1d03c3272adac6105f9cead5993a23.gif)
腭骨
腭骨(palatinebone)呈L形,位于上颌骨腭突与蝶骨翼突之间,垂直板构成 鼻腔外侧壁的后份,水平板组成骨腭的后份。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/ffd8bc0b67c3ec9951631162ceafc416.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
鼻骨
鼻骨(nasal bone)为成对的长条形的小骨片,上窄下宽,构成鼻背的基础。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/cb3259f7e583c0d823314b81dcb1ca9d.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
泪骨
泪骨(lacrimal bone)为方形小骨片,位于眶内侧壁的前份。前接上颔骨,后连筛骨迷路眶板。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/e2b2060aa904d046cd18f34abe3286ae.gif)
下鼻甲
下鼻甲(inferior nasal concha)为薄而卷曲的小骨片,附着于上颌体和腭骨垂直板的鼻面上。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/5e65e49a894281ba0c4b26637721088f.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
颧骨
颧骨(zygomatic bone)位于眶的外下方,呈菱形,形成面颊的骨性突起。
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/e352e9df77cf44fa28f57c808de3db73.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/bd95f68399591da2d2931e6518bfca99.gif)
眼眶
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/b9f195989c1791cace3227b914e72ff3.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
鼻腔
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/1b945b57de436120e8bce2b8811610c6.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
![](https://medtion-image.medtion.com/pgc/20220818/ec2a2750e8e934bf0951dc7e4d534bcf.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,image_d2F0ZXJtYXJrL25hb3lpaHVpLnBuZz94LW9zcy1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxQXzE1)
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