Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder mimicking cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy with symmetrical lesions in the temporal poles and external capsules on MRI

视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍，模仿脑常染色体显性遗传性动脉病，伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病，MRI上颞极和外囊对称病变

Symmetrical lesions in the temporal poles and external capsules on brain MRI are known as radiological markers of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL); however, similar imaging findings have also been reported in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and this study investigated the frequency of such findings. The study included 55 NMOSD patients who met the 2015 international NMO diagnosis panel (IPND) criteria and were positive for aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab). Images were evaluated based on the consensus of two neuroradiologists, and brain lesions were detected in 33 patients, of whom 2 (6%) had symmetrical lesions in both the temporal poles and external capsules, and 1 (3%) had symmetrical lesions confined to the external capsules. Therefore, when symmetrical lesions in the temporal poles and external capsules are observed on MRI, NMOSD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

脑MRI上颞极和外囊的对称病变被称为常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病 (CADASIL) 的放射学标志物; 然而，在视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍 (NMOSD) 中也有类似的影像学发现，本研究调查了此类发现的频率。该研究包括55名符合2015国际NMO诊断小组 (IPND) 标准且aquaporin-4抗体 (AQP4-Ab) 阳性的NMOSD患者。根据两位神经放射科医生的共识对图像进行了评估，并在33例患者中检测到脑部病变，其中2例 (6%) 在颞极和外囊中均具有对称病变，而1例 (3%) 具有局限于外囊的对称病变。因此，当在MRI上观察到颞极和外部胶囊的对称病变时，应在鉴别诊断疾病中考虑NMOSD。

REF: Kojita Y, Kono AK, Yamada T, et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder mimicking cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy with symmetrical lesions in the temporal poles and external capsules on MRI. Neuroradiology. Published online August 29, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03458-0 PMID: 39207553

Diffusion tensor metrics, motor and non-motor symptoms in de novo Parkinson’s disease

从头帕金森病的扩散张量度量，运动和非运动症状

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurons' degeneration of the substantia nigra, presenting with motor and non-motor symptoms. We hypothesized that altered diffusion metrics are associated with clinical symptoms in de novo PD patients. Our findings suggest microstructural changes in de novo PD fiber tracts; however, limited associations with clinical symptoms reveal the complexity of PD pathology. They may contribute to understanding the neurobiological changes underlying PD and have implications for developing targeted interventions. However, further longitudinal research with larger cohorts and consideration of confounding factors are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these diffusion alterations in de novo PD.

帕金森氏病 (PD) 是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质的多巴胺能神经元变性，表现为运动和非运动症状。我们假设改变的扩散指标与新发PD患者的临床症状相关。我们的发现表明新生PD纤维束的微观结构发生了变化; 然而，与临床症状的有限关联揭示了PD病理的复杂性。它们可能有助于理解PD潜在的神经生物学变化，并对开发有针对性的干预措施有影响。然而，有必要对更大的队列进行进一步的纵向研究，并考虑混杂因素，以阐明从头PD中这些扩散改变的潜在机制。

REF: Soares NM, da Silva PHR, Pereira GM, Leoni RF, Rieder CRM, Alva TAP. Diffusion tensor metrics, motor and non-motor symptoms in de novo Parkinson's disease. Neuroradiology. Published online August 27, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03452-6 PMID: 39190159

Accuracy of vestibular schwannoma segmentation using deep learning models - a systematic review & meta-analysis

使用深度学习模型进行前庭神经鞘瘤分割的准确性-系统综述和荟萃分析

Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) is a rare tumor with varied incidence rates, predominantly affecting the 60-69 age group. In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL) algorithms show promise in automating diagnosis. However, a knowledge gap exists in the automated segmentation of VS using DL. To address this gap, this meta-analysis aims to provide insights into the current state of DL algorithms applied to MR images of VS. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides comprehensive review into the current landscape of automated VS segmentation using DL. The high Dice score indicates promising agreement in segmentation, yet challenges like bias and heterogeneity must be addressed in the future research.

前庭神经鞘瘤 (VS) 是一种罕见的肿瘤，发病率各不相同，主要影响60-69岁年龄组。在人工智能 (AI) 时代，深度学习 (DL) 算法在自动诊断方面显示出了希望。然而，在使用DL的VS的自动分割中存在知识差距。为了解决这一差距，本荟萃分析旨在提供对应用于VS的MR图像的DL算法的当前状态的见解。总之，这项荟萃分析提供了对使用DL的自动VS细分的当前前景的全面回顾。高Dice分数表明在细分方面有希望达成一致，但在未来的研究中必须解决诸如偏见和异质性之类的挑战。

REF: Łajczak P, Matyja J, Jóźwik K, Nawrat Z. Accuracy of vestibular schwannoma segmentation using deep learning models - a systematic review & meta-analysis. Neuroradiology. Published online August 24, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03449-1 PMID: 39179652

Artificial intelligence-assisted volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright- and black-blood examination for brain metastases

人工智能辅助体积各向同性同时交错亮血和黑血检查用于脑转移瘤

To verify the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright-/black-blood examination (AI-VISIBLE) for detecting brain metastases. AI-VISIBLE improved the sensitivity and performance for diagnosing brain metastases.

验证人工智能辅助容积各向同性同时交错亮/黑血检查 (ai-visible) 检测脑转移瘤的有效性。AI-VISIBLE提高了诊断脑转移的灵敏度和性能。

REF: Kikuchi K, Togao O, Kikuchi Y, et al. Artificial intelligence-assisted volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright- and black-blood examination for brain metastases. Neuroradiology. Published online August 22, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03454-4 PMID: 39172167

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI predicting favourable surgical outcome in refractory epilepsy patients

同时18F-FDG PET/MRI预测难治性癫痫患者良好的手术结果

To evaluate the (1) successful surgery proportion in patients with clear structural lesions on MRI and single abnormality on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/Magnetic resonance imaging (18F-FDG PET/MRI); (2) predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/MRI for postsurgical outcome in refractory epilepsy patients. Single lesion detected on 18 F-FDG PET/MRI is useful to predict good surgical outcome for refractory epilepsy patients; Those patients should be considered as candidates for surgery.

评估 (1) MRI结构明确病变和18f-氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层显像/磁共振成像 (18F-FDG PET/MRI) 单一异常患者手术成功的比例; (2) 18F-FDG PET/MRI对难治性癫痫患者术后预后的预测价值。在18 f-fdg PET/MRI上检测到的单个病变可用于预测难治性癫痫患者的良好手术结果; 这些患者应被视为手术的候选人。

REF: Guo K, Hu J, Cui B, et al. Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI predicting favourable surgical outcome in refractory epilepsy patients. Neuroradiology. Published online August 22, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03446-4 PMID: 39172166

Iron changes within infarct tissue in ischemic stroke patients after successful reperfusion quantified using QSM

使用QSM量化成功再灌注后缺血性卒中患者梗死组织内的铁变化

For nearly half of patients who undergo Endovascular Thrombectomy following ischemic stroke, successful recanalisation does not guarantee a good outcome. Understanding the underlying tissue changes in the infarct tissue with the help of biomarkers specific to ischemic stroke could offer valuable insights for better treatment and patient management decisions. Using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI to measure cerebral iron concentration, this study aims to track the progression of iron within the infarct lesion after successful reperfusion. Following successful endovascular reperfusion, iron concentration in infarct tissue, as measured by QSM increases over time compared to that in healthy tissue. However, its significance warrants further investigation.

对于近一半的缺血性卒中后接受血管内血栓切除术的患者，成功的再通并不能保证良好的结果。在缺血性卒中特异性生物标志物的帮助下，了解梗死组织的潜在组织变化，可以为更好的治疗和患者管理决策提供有价值的见解。使用定量磁敏感图 (QSM) MRI测量脑铁浓度，本研究旨在追踪成功再灌注后梗死灶内铁的进展。成功的血管内再灌注后，与健康组织相比，通过QSM测量的梗塞组织中的铁浓度随时间增加。然而，其重要性值得进一步调查。

REF: Kataike VM, Desmond PM, Steward C, et al. Iron changes within infarct tissue in ischemic stroke patients after successful reperfusion quantified using QSM. Neuroradiology. Published online August 22, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03444-6 PMID: 39172165

The benefit of optimizing recanalization during mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke depends on preprocedural tissue-level collateralization

急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓期间优化再通的益处取决于术前组织水平的侧支化

Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 3 represents the optimal angiographic outcome following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although it is known to yield better outcomes than TICI 2b, the influence of preprocedural cerebral hemodynamics on the clinical advantage of TICI 3 over TICI 2b remains unexplored. TICI 2c/3 improves patient functional outcomes compared to TICI 2b regardless of EIV. However, such angiographic improvement may be clinically futile in patients with good tissue-level collateralization. Our findings suggest that preprocedural HIR should be considered when optimization of recanalization is considered during MT.

脑梗死溶栓 (TICI) 3代表急性缺血性卒中 (AIS) 机械取栓后 (MT) 的最佳血管造影结果。尽管已知其产生比TICI 2b更好的结果，但术前脑血流动力学对TICI 3相对于TICI 2b的临床优势的影响仍未被探索。与TICI 2b相比，TICI 2c/3改善了患者的功能结局，无论EIV如何。然而，对于组织水平侧支化良好的患者，这种血管造影的改善在临床上可能是徒劳的。我们的发现表明，在MT期间考虑优化再通时，应考虑术前HIR。

REF: Wrona P, Wróbel D, Mizera P, et al. The benefit of optimizing recanalization during mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke depends on preprocedural tissue-level collateralization. Neuroradiology. Published online August 17, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03443-7 PMID: 39153089

Distinguishing glioblastoma progression from treatment-related changes using DTI directionality growth analysis

使用DTI方向性生长分析区分胶质母细胞瘤进展与治疗相关变化

It is difficult to distinguish between tumor progression (TP) and treatment-related abnormalities (TRA) in treated glioblastoma patients via conventional MRI, but this distinction is crucial for treatment decision making. Glioblastoma is known to exhibit an invasive growth pattern along white matter architecture and vasculature. This study quantified lesion development patterns in treated glioblastoma lesions and their relation to white matter microstructure to distinguish TP from TRA. Based on our results, quantifying posttreatment contrast-enhancing lesion development directionality with DTI in glioblastoma patients does not appear to effectively distinguish between TP and TRA.

通过常规MRI很难区分接受治疗的胶质母细胞瘤患者的肿瘤进展 (TP) 和治疗相关异常 (TRA)，但是这种区分对于治疗决策至关重要。已知胶质母细胞瘤沿白质结构和脉管系统表现出侵袭性生长模式。这项研究量化了经治疗的胶质母细胞瘤病变的病变发展模式及其与白质微观结构的关系，以区分TP和TRA。根据我们的结果，用DTI量化胶质母细胞瘤患者治疗后对比增强的病变发展方向性似乎无法有效区分TP和TRA。

REF: van den Elshout R, Ariëns B, Esmaeili M, et al. Distinguishing glioblastoma progression from treatment-related changes using DTI directionality growth analysis. Neuroradiology. Published online August 17, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03450-8 PMID: 39153088

Thyroid hemiatrophy associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma

甲状腺偏侧萎缩与甲状腺乳头状癌相关

The present study aimed to investigate CT imaging features, pathological findings, and prognosis in patients with thyroid hemiatrophy (THA) associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). THA was occasionally observed in patients with PTC. Weak contrast-enhancement was distinct characteristic of PTC patients with THA, which is probably caused by keloid-like collagen.

本研究旨在探讨甲状腺偏侧萎缩 (THA) 合并甲状腺乳头状癌 (PTC) 患者的CT影像特征、病理表现及预后。在PTC患者中偶尔观察到THA。PTC THA患者的对比增强较弱，这可能是由瘢痕疙瘩样胶原引起的。

REF: Seko T, Kato H, Ando T, et al. Thyroid hemiatrophy associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Neuroradiology. Published online August 13, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03442-8 PMID: 39136714